Sigatoka disease of banana pdf Allenstown
Development of Black Sigatoka resistant banana Evogene Black Sigatoka disease eradication strategies Australasian Plant Pathology 183 Within 6 months, three more outbreaks in Tanganyika (east African coast) were detected and by 1941, the disease
DISEASE CONTROL Research Information Ltd
Integrated Disease Management for Banana Orchards. Yellow sigatoka disease is caused by Mycosphaerrela musicola. It is characterised by appearance of small yellow specks (1-2mm long) on the leaf, parallel to the secondary veins of the blade., Black sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of banana plants caused by ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morlet). Plants with leaves damaged by the disease may have up to 50% lower yield of fruit..
Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars (Swennen, 1990; Gauhl et al., 1993). The fungus M. fijiensis attacks leaves, causing their necrosis either partially or entirely Banana is the fourth most important staple food in the world, behind rice, wheat, and maize, with more than 100 million tons produced annually [1]. Although the majority of bananas produced are
ABSTRACT. Black Sigatoka disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the most severe banana disease worldwide. The pathogen is in an invasive phase … Leaf spot diseases of bananas are caused by some species of this complex, of which M. fijiensis (BLSD) and M. musicola (Sigatoka disease) are the most important. M. fijiensis is an invasive species that has totally replaced M. musicola in most banana-exporting countries, which was conducive to increasing difficulties in banana leaf spot control.
A fungicide is a specific type of pesticide used in controlling fungal diseases by inhibiting or killing the causal agent. Fungicides are routinely used in commercial plantations to control black leaf streak (BLSD) and Sigatoka leaf spot, as well as post-harvest diseases. The control of the black sigatoka fungus disease in bananas and plantains, estimated to be at a cost of $200 million annually, has been widely related to loss of bio-diversity, increased health hazards, and economic instability of many banana producing countries. Thus, biological control for the disease is deemed a wise alternative. A 0.6 ha area was established at the banana farm of EARTH in
Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis (previously: Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is the most significant foliar disease of banana … The fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis causes the pandemic Black Sigatoka disease in banana. It is forcing banana producers to use more and more fungicides with detrimental effects on the environment and economic sustainability of banana production.
11/08/2016 · Black Sigatoka disease of banana is one of, if not the most, devastating disease of banana leaves . Black Sigatoka disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis , and this pathogen is part of the larger Sigatoka disease complex that is made up of P . Leaf Spot, Leaf Streak or Sigatoka Disease (yellow sigatoka-Mycosphaerella musicola;black sigatoka or black leaf streak-Mycosphaerella fijiensis): Yellow sigatoka is one of the serious diseases affecting the banana crop. Initial symptoms appear in the form of light yellowish spots on the leaves. A small number of these enlarge, become oval; the colour also changes to dark brown. Still later
In 2001, an incursion of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black Sigatoka, was detected in Australia’s largest commercial banana growing region, the Tully Banana Production Area in North Queensland. An intensive surveillance and eradication campaign was undertaken which resulted in the reinstatement of the disease-free status for black Sigatoka in 2005. This was the first time R.: «Black Sigatoka Disease Control in Banana and Plantains Plantations in Cuba. A. Proceedings of the Disease Reporter 64: 750-756. F. 1990. 45: Warning System for Timing Fungicide Treatments for the Control of 13-22. M. 18 (1): 15- Germination and Fusarium Wilt of Banana Plantlets in Suppressive 26. Longman Group. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress enfermedades». Delgado. and
of banana, among these diseases are the most one (Sim monds, 1966). Among various diseases, the fungal disease Sigatoka spots is caused byMycosphaerella musicola infecting serious in tropical banana growing belt (Store, 1980). This sigatoka leaf spot disease affects not only the banana leaves however also results in pre mature fruit ripening, and bunches become unmarketable. The affected Post on 26-Mar-2015. 348 views. Category: Documents. 4 download. Report
R.: «Black Sigatoka Disease Control in Banana and Plantains Plantations in Cuba. A. Proceedings of the Disease Reporter 64: 750-756. F. 1990. 45: Warning System for Timing Fungicide Treatments for the Control of 13-22. M. 18 (1): 15- Germination and Fusarium Wilt of Banana Plantlets in Suppressive 26. Longman Group. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress enfermedades». Delgado. and Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis (previously: Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is the most significant foliar disease of banana …
To prevent the introduction and spread of these diseases, to and within Queensland's banana production area, movement restrictions apply to banana plants, and banana pest carriers. Banana freckle Black Sigatoka Leaf spot diseases of bananas are caused by some species of this complex, of which M. fijiensis (BLSD) and M. musicola (Sigatoka disease) are the most important. M. fijiensis is an invasive species that has totally replaced M. musicola in most banana-exporting countries, which was conducive to increasing difficulties in banana leaf spot control.
5 MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT INTRODUCTION This supplement appends the original Sigatoka Leafspot Disease … 5 MYCOSPHAERELLA SPP CAUSING LEAFSPOT DISEASE ON BANANAS ADVANCED METHODS SUPPLEMENT INTRODUCTION This supplement appends the original Sigatoka Leafspot Disease …
Control of Black Sigatoka Disease Banana Fungicide
Musa Disease Fact Sheet No. 8 bioversityinternational.org. 22/07/2015 · Sigatoka control - organic Soil charger tech. केले का 35 किलो का एवरेज लुंगर ‼️झिरो गोबर खाद 😳 बगिचे के, Field observations of black Sigatoka disease symptom development were made on banana plants from four sites (30 m apart) within an unsprayed plantation of dimensions 100 m × 200 m in Costa Rica during two field visits: October 1993-February 1994 (wet to dry ….
SIGATOKA EN BANANO.pdf scribd.com. isolation, identification and pathogenicity of fungal pathogen (s) causing black sigatoka disease of local plantain and banana in ghana by francis kodjo tsigbey bsc., A number of insect pests can affect banana plants. Here are the most common: Nematodes – Nematodes are a common banana plant pest. They cause rotting of the corms and act as a vector to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum..
A survey of Sigatoka leaf disease (Mycosphaerella musicola
Black Sigatoka disease of banana spatial and temporal. STATUS OF BANANA CULTIVATION AND DISEASE INCIDENCES IN MALAYSIA Mokhtarud-din Husain and Robert William Crop Protection & Plant Quarantine Division Sigatoka leaf spot (popularly known as Yellow Sigatoka) is a fungal disease caused by Pseudocercospora musicola (formerly Mycosphaerella musicola). It was the first leaf spot disease to have a global impact on bananas but has since been largely displaced by black leaf streak in many banana production areas..
Sigatoka leaf spot (popularly known as Yellow Sigatoka) is a fungal disease caused by Pseudocercospora musicola (formerly Mycosphaerella musicola). It was the first leaf spot disease to have a global impact on bananas but has since been largely displaced by black leaf streak in many banana production areas. FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS Created in Bangladesh, September 2013 www.plantwise.org Sigatoka Disease of Banana Recognize the problem Sigatoka disease of banana is one of the devastating diseases affecting the
Symptoms: A brief description of the six stages in symptom development according to Meredith & Lawrence (1969) follows: 1. Stage 1 (initial speck stage): Symptoms occurs initially as feint, minute (up to 0.25 mm in diameter), reddish brown specks on the lower surface of the leaf, which first appear on the third, fourth or older leaves and are Symptoms: A brief description of the six stages in symptom development according to Meredith & Lawrence (1969) follows: 1. Stage 1 (initial speck stage): Symptoms occurs initially as feint, minute (up to 0.25 mm in diameter), reddish brown specks on the lower surface of the leaf, which first appear on the third, fourth or older leaves and are
has acknowledged that black Sigatoka disease is the most critical research issue for plantain and banana in Africa.” Hahnet al. (1990) Black Sigatoka is currently the most important disease of banana and plantain worldwide. The above reactions in West Africa are typical of those that occur once this destructive disease spreads to a new area. Black Sigatoka very significantly reduces the The fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis causes the pandemic Black Sigatoka disease in banana. It is forcing banana producers to use more and more fungicides with detrimental effects on the environment and economic sustainability of banana production.
BANANAS in low-lying areas are being affected by the Black Sigatoka disease, an official says. National Agricultural Research Institute (Nari) director-general Dr Sergie Bang said at Bubia in Lae on Friday the disease affected banana leaves. musicola, is a major disease of banana (Musa spp.) and is widely spread in Brazil. This study was conducted to apply spatial dispersion criteria of yellow sigatoka in a sampling system to estimate the disease severity in the Valley of Siriji in northeastern Brazil. The disease spatial pattern was characterized in three fields of cv Pacovan bananas, where 30 contiguous rows, 30 plants per row
Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars (Swennen, 1990; Gauhl et al., 1993). The fungus M. fijiensis attacks leaves, causing their necrosis either partially or entirely Black Sigatoka is a devastating leaf disease of bananas around the world. Infected leaves die early, reducing fruit yield, and causing premature ripening of bunches. Infected leaves die early, reducing fruit yield, and causing premature ripening of bunches.
The control of the black sigatoka fungus disease in bananas and plantains, estimated to be at a cost of $200 million annually, has been widely related to loss of bio-diversity, increased health hazards, and economic instability of many banana producing countries. Thus, biological control for the disease is deemed a wise alternative. A 0.6 ha area was established at the banana farm of EARTH in In 2001, an incursion of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black Sigatoka, was detected in Australia’s largest commercial banana growing region, the Tully Banana Production Area in North Queensland. An intensive surveillance and eradication campaign was undertaken which resulted in the reinstatement of the disease-free status for black Sigatoka in 2005. This was the first time
Black Sigatoka is a very destructive disease to the foliage of banana trees. The disruption in photosynthesis is so severe that it can cause the farmer to lose up to 50% of their fruit yield. [8] ABSTRACT. Black Sigatoka disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the most severe banana disease worldwide. The pathogen is in an invasive phase …
black sigatoka disease (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) and the nematode toppling disease of the toppling disease. Successful sigatoka control was achieved with EM up to flower initiation, with EM treated plants having up to 8 leaves/plant. However, between flower initiation and harvest, additional management measures such as dehanding were needed to produce fruit of export quality. Importantly The fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis causes the pandemic Black Sigatoka disease in banana. It is forcing banana producers to use more and more fungicides with detrimental effects on the environment and economic sustainability of banana production.
Cause of Sigatoka disease of banana in South Africa Australasian Plant Pathology 29 for 10 min. Sequencing tubes were then centrifuged at 10000 rpm for The control of the black sigatoka fungus disease in bananas and plantains, estimated to be at a cost of $200 million annually, has been widely related to loss of bio-diversity, increased health hazards, and economic instability of many banana producing countries. Thus, biological control for the disease is deemed a wise alternative. A 0.6 ha area was established at the banana farm of EARTH in
STATUS OF BANANA CULTIVATION AND DISEASE INCIDENCES IN MALAYSIA Mokhtarud-din Husain and Robert William Crop Protection & Plant Quarantine Division Black leaf streak disease (black Sigatoka) Sigatoka disease (yellow Sigatoka) X. Mourichon, J. Carlier and E. Fouré in collaboration with the PROMUSA Sigatoka Working Group 1 (October 1997) Back to Musa disease fact sheets. Disease distribution M . m u s i c o l a was first identified in Java in 1902. Since 1962, it has been reported in most of the world’s banana growing areas, making SD
fungicides against sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola) disease of banana. Among all the Among all the treatments tested, four sprays of any one of … Sigatoka disease of banana is widely distributed in the world and has already been recognized as a serious threat in Latin American countries (Mourichon et al., 1997). Economic losses due to the leaf spot diseases have been so heavy in some areas that banana production has ceased all together especially wherever susceptible varieties are under cultivation. A severe incidence of Sigatoka was
Musa Disease Fact Sheet No. 8 bioversityinternational.org
Created in Bangladesh September 2013 www.plantwise.org. The disease is known to occur in all banana-growing states. Light yellow streaks run parallel to leaf veins giving the leaf a striped appearance. The streaks run usually from mid rib to edge of the blade., fungicides against sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola) disease of banana. Among all the Among all the treatments tested, four sprays of any one of ….
A survey of Sigatoka leaf disease (Mycosphaerella musicola
Fact sheet Banana black Sigatoka (002) - PestNet. 11/08/2016 · Black Sigatoka disease of banana is one of, if not the most, devastating disease of banana leaves . Black Sigatoka disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis , and this pathogen is part of the larger Sigatoka disease complex that is made up of P ., Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars (Swennen, 1990; Gauhl et al., 1993). The fungus M. fijiensis attacks leaves, causing their necrosis either partially or entirely.
In addition to being a Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and staple food for rural and urban consumers, plantain and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella banana provides an important source of revenue for fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars of banana, among these diseases are the most one (Sim monds, 1966). Among various diseases, the fungal disease Sigatoka spots is caused byMycosphaerella musicola infecting serious in tropical banana growing belt (Store, 1980). This sigatoka leaf spot disease affects not only the banana leaves however also results in pre mature fruit ripening, and bunches become unmarketable. The affected
musicola, is a major disease of banana (Musa spp.) and is widely spread in Brazil. This study was conducted to apply spatial dispersion criteria of yellow sigatoka in a sampling system to estimate the disease severity in the Valley of Siriji in northeastern Brazil. The disease spatial pattern was characterized in three fields of cv Pacovan bananas, where 30 contiguous rows, 30 plants per row General information. Black Sigatoka (sometimes referred to as black leaf streak) is a fungal leaf spot disease of banana caused by the organism Mycosphaerella fijiensis.
Yellow sigatoka disease is caused by Mycosphaerrela musicola. It is characterised by appearance of small yellow specks (1-2mm long) on the leaf, parallel to the secondary veins of the blade. A field experiment was conducted to manage banana sigatoka leafspot disease at Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka for consecutive two seasons (2008 …
Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) is an exotic plant pest. This fungal disease is a serious threat to Australia’s banana industry. Black sigatoka is also known as black leaf streak (Figure 1). Disease symptoms are caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Leaf symptoms of black In addition to being a Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and staple food for rural and urban consumers, plantain and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella banana provides an important source of revenue for fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars
ABSTRACT. Black Sigatoka disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the most severe banana disease worldwide. The pathogen is in an invasive phase … Sigatoka disease of banana is one of the devastating diseases affecting the banana crop. It is caused by Cercospora musae , which is the conidial stage of a fungus Mycospherella musicola . The disease is common in almost all districts of Bangladesh especially in banana growing districts.
Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars (Swennen, 1990; Gauhl et al., 1993). The fungus M. fijiensis attacks leaves, causing their necrosis either partially or entirely FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS Created in Bangladesh, September 2013 www.plantwise.org Sigatoka Disease of Banana Recognize the problem Sigatoka disease of banana is one of the devastating diseases affecting the
Biological control of banana black Sigatoka disease with Trichoderma. icia ural v. . u . 953 Species identification Isolate 2.047 was selected for having Post on 26-Mar-2015. 348 views. Category: Documents. 4 download. Report
Field observations of black Sigatoka disease symptom development were made on banana plants from four sites (30 m apart) within an unsprayed plantation of dimensions 100 m × 200 m in Costa Rica during two field visits: October 1993-February 1994 (wet to dry … Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) is an exotic plant pest. This fungal disease is a serious threat to Australia’s banana industry. Black sigatoka is also known as black leaf streak (Figure 1). Disease symptoms are caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Leaf symptoms of black
Cause of Sigatoka disease of banana in South Africa Australasian Plant Pathology 29 for 10 min. Sequencing tubes were then centrifuged at 10000 rpm for Sigatoka disease of banana is one of the devastating diseases affecting the banana crop. It is caused by Cercospora musae , which is the conidial stage of a fungus Mycospherella musicola . The disease is common in almost all districts of Bangladesh especially in banana growing districts.
Black Sigatoka disease eradication strategies Australasian Plant Pathology 183 Within 6 months, three more outbreaks in Tanganyika (east African coast) were detected and by 1941, the disease SUMMARY: Black Sigatoka, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, is a leaf disease of banana and plantain worldwide. Spores are spread in wind and rain, and leaves die rapidly after
Sigatoka, the complex disease, is one of the most serious leaf diseases of banana, although banana wilt caused by Fusarium is more destructive (Ploetz et al., 2003). The complex of this In most areas, black Sigatoka has now replaced yellow Sigatoka to become the predominant leaf spot disease of banana. Black Sigatoka is caused by the ascomycete, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet [anamorph: Paracercospora fijiensis (Morelet) Deighton] (a variant of the pathogen, M. fijiensis var. difformis , that was previously reported in tropical America, is no longer recognized).
Combating a Global Threat to a Clonal Crop Banana Black
DISEASE CONTROL Research Information Ltd. Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis (previously: Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is the most significant foliar disease of banana …, Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars (Swennen, 1990; Gauhl et al., 1993). The fungus M. fijiensis attacks leaves, causing their necrosis either partially or entirely.
Yellow Sigatoka National Banana Research Program
Sigatoka leaf spot ProMusa the banana knowledge platform. ABSTRACT. Black Sigatoka disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the most severe banana disease worldwide. The pathogen is in an invasive phase … Post on 26-Mar-2015. 348 views. Category: Documents. 4 download. Report.
Biological control of banana black Sigatoka disease with Trichoderma. icia ural v. . u . 953 Species identification Isolate 2.047 was selected for having 1112 PHYTOPATHOLOGY Techniques Molecular Diagnostics for the Sigatoka Disease Complex of Banana Mahdi Arzanlou, Edwin C. A. Abeln, Gert H. J. Kema, Cees Waalwijk, Jean Carlier,
Soil calcium and Sigatoka disease of banana Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 1159 interaction of calcium and boron on DS and PS, respectively. Black Sigatoka (sometimes referred to as black leaf streak) is a fungal leaf spot disease of banana caused by the organism Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Not present in mainland Australia, black Sigatoka is one of the most devastating leaf diseases of banana in many countries around the world. Severely infected leaves can die, significantly reducing fruit yield, and causing mixed and premature
In addition to being a Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of plantains and staple food for rural and urban consumers, plantain and banana caused by a wind-borne fungus, Mycosphaerella banana provides an important source of revenue for fijiensis Morelet. It attacks species of Musa acuminata, Musa balbsiana and their inter-specific hybrids. It affects all plantain and most banana cultivars isolation, identification and pathogenicity of fungal pathogen (s) causing black sigatoka disease of local plantain and banana in ghana by francis kodjo tsigbey bsc.
Black Sigatoka disease eradication strategies Australasian Plant Pathology 183 Within 6 months, three more outbreaks in Tanganyika (east African coast) were detected and by 1941, the disease Symptoms: A brief description of the six stages in symptom development according to Meredith & Lawrence (1969) follows: 1. Stage 1 (initial speck stage): Symptoms occurs initially as feint, minute (up to 0.25 mm in diameter), reddish brown specks on the lower surface of the leaf, which first appear on the third, fourth or older leaves and are
on black sigatoka control and sustainable production of banana in the Caribbean . 2 International workshop on black sigatoka control and sustainable production of banana in the Caribbean Background Bananas: the world’s top fruit crop The banana is the world’s top fruit crop. It plays a vital role in national economies and in food security. The Caribbean region is a major banana producer Cause of Sigatoka disease of banana in South Africa Australasian Plant Pathology 29 for 10 min. Sequencing tubes were then centrifuged at 10000 rpm for
To prevent the introduction and spread of these diseases, to and within Queensland's banana production area, movement restrictions apply to banana plants, and banana pest carriers. Banana freckle Black Sigatoka TCP/SLC/3402 Technical Manual A HOLISTIC INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO CONTROL BLACK SIGATOKA DISEASE OF BANANA CAUSED BY Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Cavendish banana attacked by Black Sigatoka - Photo IT² 2/4 Sigatoka diSeaSeS control 2/4. Sigatoka di S ea S e S control 4. chemical control 4.1- generalized aerial Treatment based on warning Sigatoka control is rendered obligatory by a prefectorial order and is realised through a generalised aerial spray. The evolution of the disease is measured weekly based on climatic and biological Black Sigatoka is a devastating leaf disease of bananas around the world. Infected leaves die early, reducing fruit yield, and causing premature ripening of bunches. Infected leaves die early, reducing fruit yield, and causing premature ripening of bunches.
A field experiment was conducted to manage banana sigatoka leafspot disease at Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka for consecutive two seasons (2008 … Cause of Sigatoka disease of banana in South Africa Australasian Plant Pathology 29 for 10 min. Sequencing tubes were then centrifuged at 10000 rpm for
The black Sigatoka disease has been devastating fields of bananas for more than a decade. It is caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis fungus. How the black Sigatoka fungus is restrained in infected areas... Mycosphaerella fijiensis is an ascomycete fungus under the order Capnodiales, of the class Black sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of banana plants caused by ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morlet). Plants with leaves damaged by the disease may have up to 50% lower yield of fruit.
Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis (previously: Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is the most significant foliar disease of banana … Post on 26-Mar-2015. 348 views. Category: Documents. 4 download. Report
A fungicide is a specific type of pesticide used in controlling fungal diseases by inhibiting or killing the causal agent. Fungicides are routinely used in commercial plantations to control black leaf streak (BLSD) and Sigatoka leaf spot, as well as post-harvest diseases. Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis (previously: Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is the most significant foliar disease of banana …
